EDITORIAL POLICY

Manuscripts may be submitted in the form of Research Articles. Research Notes describing new techniques or equipment are welcome; they should include data that illustrate the usefulness of the technique. Reviews are generally solicited, but interested authors are encouraged to contact the Editor-in-Chief. Authors should make appropriate depositions of materials to accession services (e.g., culture collections, herbaria, GenBank, etc.) to permit future work by the scientific community.

Manuscripts submitted for publication are independently reviewed by at least two referees. However, manuscripts that clearly do not meet the criteria for publication may be rejected by the Editor-in-Chief and/or the Associate Editor concerned without being sent for review. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for all decisions regarding publication. In most cases, a decision will be made in consultation with an Associate Editor. The manuscript must be prepared according to the instructions that follow; those that do not conform or are incomplete may be returned for correction prior to review.

Copyright

The acceptance regulations of a manuscript for publication automatically include the consent of the author(s) to transfer the copyright or license to the Korean Society of Phycology. Authors will complete a Copyright Agreement Form (CAF) at the time of proofreading. The corresponding author can sign on behalf of co-authors. The CAF can be downloaded from the Manuscripts Center (http://www.e-algae.org/), or contact the editorial office (ALGAE Editorial Office, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea) to obtain a form. Acceptance of the agreement will ensure full copyright protection, and disseminate the article to the widest possible readership in print and electronic formats as appropriate. Authors are themselves responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources.

Disclaimer

Publisher, editors, reviewers and authors do not accept any legal responsibility for errors, omissions or claims, nor do they provide any warranty, express or implied, with respect to information published in ALGAE.

ETHICS

Research published in ALGAE must have been conducted in accordance with institutional, national and international guidelines concerning the use of animals in research and/or the sampling of endangered species. For the policies on research and publication ethics that are not stated in these instructions, the Guidelines on Good Publication Practice can be applied (available from: http://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines).

Authorship

All authors must have materially participated in the research and/or article preparation. Individuals listed as authors must: (1) agree to be listed; (2) have contributed to the research reported; (3) approve the submitted version of the manuscript. The statement that all authors have approved the final article should be true and included in the disclosure.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The corresponding author must inform the editor of any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the authors’ interpretation of the data. Examples of potential conflicts of interest are financial support from or connections to pharmaceutical companies, political pressure from interest groups, and academically related issues. In particular, all sources of funding applicable to the study should be explicitly stated.

Originality and Duplicate Publication

All submitted manuscripts should be original and should not be under consideration by other scientific journals for publication at the same time. No part of the accepted manuscript should be duplicated in any other scientific journal without the permission of the Editorial Board. If duplicate publication related to the papers of this journal is detected, the authors will be announced in the journal their institutes will be informed, and there will be penalties for the authors.

MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION

Submissions must be original in that the information is not copyrighted, published or submitted elsewhere, except in abstract form, i.e. they have not published before; must have been approved by all parties immediately involved, e.g. authors or institutional authorities; and must meet ethics guidelines (see ethics). If the manuscript has previously been submitted to any publication outlet, this must be disclosed and a rationale for its submission to ALGAE provided. Submission of a manuscript implies agreement to ALGAE editorial terms of publication, including the transfer of copyright to the Korean Society of Phycology and the online posting of a prepress abstract. Authors are encouraged to submit new manuscripts, and revisions, electronically. Acceptable electronic formats are MS-Word and HWP. Pages and lines must be numbered. All fonts must be embedded in the file, which must not contain any security settings.

All manuscripts must be submitted via the ALGAE editorial office, either online, by email, or by post. Submission of manuscripts to ALGAE is normally done through our online manuscript submission and review system, ALGAE Manuscript Center, provided by the Korean Society of Phycology. Manuscripts will be handled by the Editor-in-Chief or one of the Associate Editors. Authors are invited to specify their preference and (in their cover letter) to identify 3-5 suitable referees.

Online Manuscript Submission System

Please submit your article via ALGAE Manuscript Center.
New users should first create an account. Once a user is logged on to the site, the submission should be made via the Manuscript Center. Full instructions are provided, and additional support is available online. The system automatically converts source files to a single PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF files at submission, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. Each manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter containing a brief statement by the authors as to the novelty upon which they base their request for publication in ALGAE. The authors may indicate the names, full postal addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses of three to five impartial potential peer reviewers. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used. There are no special instructions for formatting letters to the editor, except that they must be prepared in MS Word for online submission. Authors without high speed internet access, please contact the Editorial Office for immediate assistance. Authors can track the progress of their manuscripts and will be notified when referee and editor comments are available online. Use of the ALGAE Manuscript Center will facilitate the transfer of manuscripts between the Editor-in-Chief or Associate Editors and reviewers.

E-mail Submission

Send the article to the Editor-in-Chief (kykim@chonnam.ac.kr). Attach two files – 1) the cover letter, which must include the response to reviews if the submission is a revision; and 2) the manuscript – and send the email to the above address. Hard copies are not required unless electronic submission is impossible. In that case, manuscripts may be submitted – as one hard copy and one electronic file on disc – by post.

By Post

Send to ALGAE Editorial Office, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea. Tel: +82 62 530 3465 Fax: +82 62 530 0065

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

General Requirements

The target length of Research Articles is approximately 10 journal pages (note: estimate 3 typed pages of text for every printed journal page; about 4,000 words). Authors preparing papers in excess of 15 journal pages should contact the Editor-in-Chief first. Research Notes of 1–3 printed pages are acceptable. Use the same general format as that of Research Articles. Review Articles can be up to 20 printed pages and can include several levels of headings.
Manuscripts must be prepared in a 12-point font size and double-spaced throughout (including references, tables and legends) with margins of at least 3 cm all round. Times New Roman, Courier or Helvetica fonts are preferred. All pages should be numbered serially, with the first page a title page, the second an abstract, followed by the text, references, tables, and legends for figures, in that order. It is also suggested that you number the lines of your manuscript to facilitate the review/editing process. Do not right justify or divide words at the ends of lines. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced when the article is processed. In particular, do not embed “graphically designed” equations or tables, but prepare these using the word processor alone.
The Abstract and Results should be written in past tense, except in the case of descriptions of new species. Latin names of algal species studied should have the taxonomic author(s) of the name listed when first used (but not other species cited from the reference). To find the taxonomic author(s), check the Algaebase Web site (http://www.algaebase.org). To see the accepted form of the author’s name, please consult with the International Plant Names Index (http://www.ipni.org/index.html). Consult the latest issue of the journal for other questions regarding style. New taxa must be established in accordance with the latest International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (for more information on this, see below).

Research Articles

Research Articles should be subdivided into six sections:
INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS (or OBSERVATIONS), DISCUSSION, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, and REFERENCES, although this may not be appropriate for some articles (such as some taxonomic papers). To avoid unnecessary errors, authors are strongly advised to use the “spell-check” and “grammar-check” functions of their word processor. Do your very best to use correct English grammar, spelling and punctuation; if you are not a native English speaker, you should have the text edited by someone, as the editors cannot always be expected to carry out major linguistic revision.

Research Articles should be prepared according to the following format:
1. The title page should contain a concise title, the name(s) and address(es) of the author(s), any necessary footnotes, and a short running title suitable for page headings.
• Title. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. The title should have not more than 100 characters (ca. 15 words, 2 lines in print), and 150 characters at most. If the name of an organism is used in the title, an indication of its taxonomic position must be given. Nomenclatural authorities should only be used in titles when nomenclatural changes are being proposed.
• Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript number immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address for identification. Provide a valid address with ZIP or postal number for each affiliation, including the country name.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, as well as post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided, in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a “Present address” (or “Permanent address”) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main affiliation address. Superscript letters are used for such footnotes.
• Running title. Provide a condensed running head with 3 to 6 words.

2. The ABSTRACT should not be more than 250 words and should be concise, informative and intelligible without reference to the main text. It should indicate the objectives, main results and conclusions of the paper. Do not repeat information in the title or make reference to the literature. Authorities for species names should be included in the abstract only for primarily taxonomic papers. Begin the abstract by stating the scientific question of concern. Explain the methods used to tackle the question. The results should be outlined briefly and put into a concise, broad perspective. Immediately after the abstract, list 5 to 8 Key Words (arranged alphabetically and separated by semicolons), using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, “and” or “of”). Include a section of Abbreviations after the keywords. List the abbreviation, followed by its meaning written out in full (e.g., DIN, dissolved inorganic nitrogen). Common abbreviations (e.g., DNA) do not need to be listed. The journal accepts standard abbreviations from the Journal of Biological Chemistry. All non-standard abbreviations should be listed alphabetically. The abbreviation is spelled out at first mention in the main text, and thereafter, only the abbreviation/acronym is used.

3. The INTRODUCTION must define the problem within the context of existing knowledge, state the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background; avoid a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results. It should not be a general review of the field, but it should provide essential background for those who are not experts in the particular area.

4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Describe the methodology used in the study in sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced by another scientist. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference, and only relevant modifications should be described. Whenever possible, give sources of materials in detail. If cultures are used, indicate the strain or clone number and the source. If study sites are mentioned, provide latitudes/longitudes. For materials and supplies (including software), indicate the source (company name, city, state, country) on first reference. In addition, list the model number for equipment used, as appropriate. Use metric units (Systéme International d’Unités, SI) and SI style (e.g., µmol photons m–2 s–1, μg L–1). For description of laboratory procedures, the terms liter (abbreviated to L) and milliliter (mL) may be used. Do not use dots or full-stops between parts of the term. For more information on this see below.

5. RESULTS
Only results pertinent to the subject may be included. Data must not be repeated in figures and tables. Rationale for undertaking certain aspects of the investigation, methods, techniques, and so on, must be excluded. As far as possible, cite each figure and table in the text in order of presentation (e.g., Figure 1 before Figure 2). When tables or figures are presented, cite only the significant results in the text. Tables of specimens studied or gene sequences used should be placed in supplementary materials. Photographs should only be included if necessary to illustrate results. Include statistical analyses or other indicators to enable assessment of the variance of replicates of the experiments. Names of new taxa must be followed immediately by the Latin description or, preferably, diagnosis (using only essential characters), with citation of holotype. For new combinations, basionyms should be cited in full.
For further guidance on taxonomic papers, please see the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art29).

6. DISCUSSION
This should explore the significance of the results in relation to the problem outlined in the introduction - not repeat them. Reference to illustrative material should be minimal and should be provided only when necessary to emphasize a specific interpretation. A CONCLUSION should be added if results and discussion are combined.

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This is to be used as necessary to acknowledge the source of financial grants in completing the study. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged. Thanks to anonymous reviewers are not allowed.

8. REFERENCES
In the text, refer to the author’s name (without initial) and year of publication. When reference is made to a work by two authors, both names should be given using ‘’and’’ (e.g., Lee and Kang 1986); for three or more author names, give the first author followed by ‘’et al.’’ and the year (e.g., Kim et al. 2010). Multiple references must be arranged in chronological order (e.g., Lee and Kang 1986, Kim 1990, Kim et al. 2000a, 2000b). Only cite articles or books already published or in press, not unpublished work ‘’in preparation’’. The author is responsible for verifying the accuracy of unpublished citations.
In the list at the end of the paper, references in the REFERENCES section should be typed, double-spaced and in alphabetical order, with multiple references by the same author(s) arranged chronologically. If an author’s name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors, the following order should be used: publications of the single author, arranged according to publication dates; publications of the same author with one co-author; publications of the author with more than one co-author. Publications by the same author(s) in the same year should be listed as 2000a, 2000b, etc. For Volume (Vol.) and Bulletin (Bull.), Arabic numerals should be used; the full number of pages should be given in the form of pp. 123-128. Type references flush left with an extra space between citations; they will be formatted properly at the press. The name of the journal should be abbreviated according to the World List of Scientific Periodicals and the selection according to Abbreviated Titles of Biological Journals issued by the Biological Council or the Biosis Serial Sources, which is published each December and is available in most libraries (or go to http://www.library.uq.edu.au/faqs/endnote/biosciences.txt). If in doubt about any journal abbreviation, write out the journal title in full. The number of a fascicle in brackets after the volume number should be given only if the volume is not paginated consecutively. The titles of publications in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated, and a notation such as “(in Korean)” or “(in Greek, with English abstract)” should be added. Work accepted for publication but not yet published should be referred to as “in press”. References concerning unpublished data and “personal communications” should not be cited in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text. All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of author’s names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list.

The style to be used for references is as follows:

Journal articles

• Kim, K. H. & Lee, I. K. 2000. Mixed-phase reproduction in Antithamnion sparsum Tokida (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Korea. Algae 15:183-193.
• Mann, H., Mann, S. & Fyfe, W. S. 1987. Aragonite crystals in Spirogyra sp. (Chlorophyta). J. Phycol. 23:506–509.

Articles from books, conference reports, symposium proceedings, etc.

Give the title of the chapter, the editor(s) and title of the volume, the publisher and place of the publisher (not the location where the conference was held), and the pages of the chapter. The date cited must be the year of publication (not the year in which the conference was held).

Example :

• Sheath, R. G. & Hambrook, J. A. 1990. Freshwater ecology. In Cole, K. M. & Sheath, R. G. (Eds.) Biology of the Red Algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 423-453.
• Conover, J. T. & Sieburth, J. McN. 1966. Effect of tannins excreted from Phaeophyta on planktonic animal survival in tide pools. In Young, E. G. & McLachlan, J. L. (Eds.) Proc. 5th Int. Seaweed Symp., Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 99–100.

Book

Write the title of the book in lower case, and give the publisher, place of publication and pages. In the case of a book series, give the series editor as well.

Example :

• van den Hoek, C., Mann, D. G. & Jahns, H. M. 1995. Algae: an introduction to phycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 623 pp.

Dissertations

Write the title in lower case, ‘MS / PhD thesis / dissertation’, and give the university and its location.

Example :

• Boo, S. M. 1985. A systematic study on six tribes of eramiaceae (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) in Korea. Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 446 pp.

9. Tables
Authors should take notice of the limitations set by the size and layout of the journal. Large tables should be avoided. Reversing columns and rows will often reduce the dimensions of a table. If many data are to be presented, an attempt should be made to divide them over two or more tables. Tables should be created using the Table function in the word processor (rather than using tabs). Tables should have a descriptive title at the top of each table. The title and table of contents must be double-spaced throughout, in 12-point font, and on a separate numbered page. Tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals according to their sequence in the text. The text should include references to all tables. Tables should not include vertical lines or shading; if either is essential, the material must be submitted as a figure for direct reproduction. Column headings should be brief, with units in parentheses. Tables and their captions should be self-explanatory; e.g., abbreviations and acronyms must be defined again. Any explanation essential to understanding the table should be given as a footnote at the bottom of the table, not in the heading. Include in the footnotes all non-standard abbreviations used and enough information for the table to be understood without undue recourse to the text. For table footnotes, use superscripted lower case letters (^a, ^b, ^c) rather than symbols or numbers; asterisks (^*, ^**, ^***) can be used to indicate statistical significance. These can be applied in the case of figures. Statistical measures such as SD or SEM should be identified in the headings. If a table provides data on biological species, its legend should begin with the full Latin name of that species.

10. Figures
Line drawings, diagrams and photographs should be planned so that after reduction they will fit within either the width of one column (8 cm) or two columns (17 cm), and be no more than 25 cm in length. Normally, only previously unpublished illustrations are acceptable. Figures should be numbered in Arabic numerals consecutively as they are mentioned in the text (Fig. 1), (Figs 2 & 3), (Figs 1-4), etc. Each figure should be submitted as a separate Tagged Image Format (TIFF), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) or MS Office files created at a resolution of 300 dpi (or 600 dpi for combination images). In the case of very large files, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) or Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) files may be submitted initially. Do not import the figures into the text file, but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly on the manuscript. Combination images, or images that contain both line artwork (vector graphics) and halftones or photographs (bitmap graphics), must be supplied at a higher resolution to prevent image quality loss in the bitmap graphics, such as in the symbol keys. Please do not attempt to increase the resolution of a lower resolution figure by resaving it at 300 dpi or higher. The result may be pixilated or grainy images and poor text quality. Photographs (halftones) will not be reduced or enlarged; thus, they must be printed to fit in one column or two columns in width and be no more than 18–20 cm (8 inches) in length so that the legend will fit on the same page as the illustration. Plan line drawings and graphs to fit these dimensions after reduction, and with all lines, symbols and lettering bold enough to permit 1/2 to 2/3 reduction in size; many line drawings are reduced to the width of a single column. All terms, abbreviations, and symbols should correspond to those used in the text of the paper. It is preferable to include a symbol key on line drawings. Component figures within a plate should be labeled with letters, not numbers and should not be encircled (e.g., a, b, c, not 1, 2, 3, ①, ②, ③). Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol. Do not use two shades of gray in histograms.

Color photographs may be printed at the expense of the author after consultation with the Editor-in-Chief. A color plate fund is available to assist the publication of color plates where these are considered essential. This is based on scientific need for color, as established during peer review. Authors should consult the editorial office with respect to color reproduction at the submission stage. Any figure submitted as a color original may appear in color within the journal’s online edition. For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from the editorial office after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color in print or on the Web only.

Legends must be typed double-spaced, listed or in paragraph form, and placed together on a separate sheet in the manuscript document you submit. Each legend should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and enough information for interpretation of the figure, with all abbreviations used. All terms, abbreviations, and symbols should correspond with those used in the text. List scales at the end of the legend for each plate as follows: Scale bars represent: Fig. 1, 20 mm; Figs 2-4, 50 nm.

11. Electronic Supplements

Additional material of importance to an article may be included for possible publication on the ALGAE website (http://www.e-algae.org) as an electronic supplement. This might include overlong tables or appendices and will be linked from the online article. Materials should be submitted as a file(s) separate from the main manuscript document. Tables and figures should be numbered S1, S2, etc.

MANUSCRIPT PROCESSING

Submitted manuscripts are reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief and an Associate Editor for conformity to the editorial policy and to the style of the journal. Papers meeting these requirements will be critically evaluated by at least two referees. The decision regarding acceptance, revision or rejection of a manuscript is the responsibility of the Associate Editors and the Editor-in-Chief, with the Editor-in-Chief assuming final responsibility. The Editor-in-Chief or Associate Editor will correspond with the designated author. It is the corresponding author’s responsibility to communicate to the other authors any changes made to the manuscript in revision, and to ensure that all authors are aware of the contents of the paper.

Once a manuscript has been accepted, upload or send it as a word-processing file (e.g., MS Word or HWP, not PDF or TeX), with separate figure files. Large files (>10 MB) can be uploaded to our ftp site (ftp.algae.kr), which can be freely accessed (please inform us if you upload anything). Go to the Manuscript Center (http://www.e-algae.org/) for instructions on submitting your revised paper online (only papers that were originally submitted online may be submitted online as revised manuscripts).

Proofs and Offprints

One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author, or a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download the files themselves, including the Copyright Agreement Form (CAF) and the page charge form, with an option for ordering paper offprints. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, lists of names, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. The page proof corrections and page charge form should be returned to the editorial office immediately (within 48 hours). We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Note that the editorial office may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received. Most manuscripts are published within a few days after corrected proofs have been returned by the corresponding author. Orders for offprints must be made when returning the proof (use the page charge form provided). A copy of the journal volume or number, and offprints ordered will be mailed to the corresponding author after an issue is printed. Corresponding authors can receive 30 free paper offprints and a complimentary copy of the issue containing their article. Additional offprints can be ordered through the Korean Society of Phycology when the page charge form is returned. The corresponding author can also obtain free online access to his/her PDF offprint through our website (http://www.e-algae.org/). Authors who obtain a post publication PDF offprint from the Korean Society of Phycology may distribute the file for personal or professional use.

Page Charges

To pay some of the costs of publishing ALGAE, the journal assesses page charges for each paper published, except solicited reviews. Payment of page charges is not a condition for the acceptance of a manuscript for publication. Author(s) will be assessed page charges for each paper accepted for publication. Rates are $50 per printed page (2009), unless there is color art on the page. Unless waived by the Editor-in-Chief, a per-page charge of $500 applies to any page with color. Visit the KSP Web site at http://www.e-algae.org/ for membership information.

Online Version

Manuscripts will appear simultaneously on the online version of the journal at http://www.e-algae.org/. Abstracts are accessible online to the public; individual members and subscribing libraries can view the full contents of the journal through a password system. See subscription information at http://www.e-algae.org/ for details.

Digital Object Identifier

The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly ‘Articles in press’ because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from an article in Algae 26(1): 1-15): http://dx.doi.org/10.4490. algae.2016.31.00.00.

NOMENCLATURE AND UNITS

Genus and Species Names

Genus and species names must be in italics. Generic names should only be abbreviated when immediately preceded in the text by the mention of the same species or another of the same genus. When referring to a species, do not use the genus name alone, unless you have previously defined it that way; be precise when using ‘sp.’ (singular) and ‘spp.’ (plural). All Latin binominals should be followed by the authorities in full, e.g. (J.E. Smith) Setchell & N.L. Gardner, when first used in the title or text (but not in the abstract), unless a large number of names with authorities are grouped in a table. To find the taxonomic author(s), check the Algaebase Web site (http://www.algaebase.org).

Equations and Units

Use standard SI units. Compound units are given with the proper exponent without a period (e.g., gO2 g-1 dw h-1). Relations or concentrations (e.g., mg per l) must be given as ‘mg l-1’ (not mg/l). Variables are usually italicized (except for Greek letters). Italicization should be consistent in normal, superscript and subscripted text. Leave one blank space on either side of ‘=’, ‘>’, ± etc. where these denote equalities or inequalities. SI (metric) units must be used. Leave a space between numerals and their units (e.g., 10 mm). Example: ‘p < 0.05, r2 = 0.879’ (not ‘p<0.05, r2=0.879’); but: ‘we studied organisms of size <0.5 µm’.

COVER PHOTOGRAPHS

Particularly good photographs that pertain to a paper being submitted will be considered for use on the cover page. Submit the image file(s) (300 dpi or better resolution, TIFF or EPS format) with the final copy of the manuscript, preferably scaleable to a 12.7 x 17.8 cm (5 x 7 inch) format. Include a brief legend for the inside front cover (send as a separate Word document). See the inside cover of a recent issue for the legend format.

LANGUAGE SERVICES

Manuscripts should be written in English. Authors who are unsure of correct English usage should have their manuscript checked by someone proficient in the language. Manuscripts in which the English is difficult to understand may be returned to the author for revision before scientific review. Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.e-algae.org